C++

1 Introduction to C++ What C++ adds on top of C, why that addition matters, how iostream replaces printf, and your first program compiled and run line by line. 9 min 2 Variables, Types and Input/Output The built-in types and their sizes, when auto helps and when it hides things, how cout and cin work, and the honest difference between endl and a newline character. 9 min 3 Conditionals and Loops Making decisions with if, else and switch, repeating work with for, while and do-while, and using the range-based for loop that C does not have. 9 min 4 Functions and References Writing functions, the real difference between passing by value and by reference, default arguments, and how overloading lets one name serve several types. 9 min 5 Vectors and Strings How std::vector and std::string manage their own memory, the operations you will use daily, and the concrete reasons they are safer than raw arrays and char buffers. 9 min 6 Classes and Objects The difference between struct and class, how constructors guarantee a valid object, what encapsulation actually buys you, and a complete worked example. 10 min