Rate is the whole idea
If A finishes a job in 10 days, then in one day A finishes 1/10 of it. That fraction is A's rate. Rates add: two people working together have a combined rate equal to the sum of their rates.
Working with fractions like 1/12 + 1/18 is slow and error-prone under time pressure. So use the trick below instead.
The LCM method — use this
Step 1. Take the total work as the LCM of the given days. Step 2. Each worker's efficiency = total work / that worker's days. Step 3. Add or subtract efficiencies as the story requires. Step 4. Days = total work / combined efficiency.
Every number stays a whole number.